- Kyoto Protocol (1997, came into action in 2003) - This was a binding treaty that arose after talks in the UN Climate change conference where countries gathered to discuss how to reduce greenhouse gas and what share of responsibility each nation should get. It involved 37 industrialized nations and the EU , whereby a 5% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions are to be in place by the next decade. The USA supported this treaty but did not ratify it. The treaty also gave rise to a system called Carbon Trading, where countries can buy and sell their carbon credits (amount of carbon they can release as pollutants). This scheme was a further development in the commodification of nature and in the "economy of repair".
- Rio 1992 - The first major climate change conference which began the idea of a global society and brought a sense of togetherness and "urgency" to mankind vs. climate change. It sparked new interest in policy changes to combat global climate change. The "Precautionary Principle" - whereby action against environmental degradation is to be taken even though there is no full range of evidence - was stated in Principle 15. However, the summit's grandiose, large-scaled and broad goals remain largely unachieved.
- Stern Report (2006)- Economist Nicholas Stern wrote a 700 page report on the effects of climate change on economic activity. It is a large cost/benefit and risk assessment of climate change impacts on the global economy. It concluded that acting against climate change outweighs the costs of not acting. He advocates mitigatory and adaptative policies.
- These reports tie in well with the 1st article I was asked to read. Also - Kingdon's policy criteria can be applied here: we have the solutions in front of us and proposed laws, but the application and society aspects, cooperation and compromise, are lacking. Hence there's no policy window available for viable solutions to take place.
- Lastly, maybe we should stop focusing on global climate change - there is a flaw in the title since climate change has local effects and global talk means not enough local action.
Wednesday, December 5, 2012
Climate Change reports through history
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